Lesson 1, Prompt Engineering Module
In this 30-minute session, we explored the foundations of effective prompt engineering using our 10/10/10 format: instruction, demonstration, and practice. The core focus was the CRAFT framework, a systematic approach to writing prompts that consistently generate high-quality AI outputs. We also examined common pitfalls that prevent people from getting the results they need, and introduced practical techniques for immediate improvement.
This session is part of our “Your Journey from AI Curious to AI Confident” programme, designed to equip Cambridge staff with practical AI skills they can apply immediately in their daily work.
What is the CRAFT framework?
CRAFT is a five-component framework that transforms vague requests into precise, effective prompts. Each letter represents a critical element:
Context provides the background and situation. Rather than asking “Write an email,” you might specify “I need to inform our department about a policy change affecting annual leave.”
Role defines who the AI should act as. This might be “Act as an experienced HR communications specialist” or “Respond as a technical documentation writer.”
Action states the specific task to complete. Be explicit: “Draft a 200-word email announcement” rather than “Help me with this.”
Format specifies the structure of the output you need. Do you want bullet points, a formal letter, a table, or JSON data? State this clearly.
Tone sets the voice and style. Should the output be formal, conversational, technical, or empathetic? This prevents mismatches between your needs and the AI’s response.
When you combine these five elements, you create prompts that consistently deliver relevant, appropriately structured results. The framework is flexible—not every prompt requires all five elements, but considering each one significantly improves your outcomes.